The Rich and Long Deaf Culture and History - 1094 Words

Deaf culture and history is one that is rich and long. Deaf History The first mention of a deaf person, which was written in history, appeared in the Torah and was named Chushim (Nomeland, 2012, p. 6). Before this, no other person had been recorded in written history as being deaf. In 1000 B.C., The Hebrews views the deaf and other â€Å"disabled† people as being a â€Å"part of life†. They were not considered ignorant and often were well respected. Although they were not shunned and some were respected, the deaf did not have as many rights as hearing individuals. For example, they could not own property and some could not marry. They also weren’t permitted to fully participate in rituals. From 427 B.C until at least the Middle Ages, those who were deaf were treated poorly. It was believed that without speech there was no intelligence. Therefore the deaf were not capable of intelligence or ideas. Aristotle believed that because the deaf could not hear, they could not reason and were viewed as barbarians. He thought t hat learning was impossible without hearing. Parents were told that their children were born deaf because God was punishing them for their sins. Deaf were committed to insane asylums because they were accused of being possessed by demons (Shaner, 2008). It wasn’t until the 1500s that the deaf began to be recognized as something other than ignorant or sinful. An Italian physician named Geronimo Cardano was the first to recognize that the deaf were able to reason andShow MoreRelated Eradicating the Deaf-World Essays1469 Words   |  6 Pages Eradicating the Deaf-World Just like members of other minorities, such as Hispanics and African-Americans, Deaf people experience some of the same oppression and hardships. Although the attempts to fix members of and obliterate the DEAF-WORLD are not as highly publicized as problems with other minorities, they still exist. Throughout time, hearing people have been trying to destroy the DEAF-WORLD with the eugenics movement, the mainstreaming of Deaf children into public hearing schools, andRead MoreIs Deafness a Disability or a Way of Living?1593 Words   |  7 PagesTwo centuries ago, the Deaf community arose in American society as a linguistic minority. Members of this community share a particular human condition, hearing impairment. However, the use of American Sign Language, as their main means of communicating, and attendance to a residential school for people with deafness also determine their entry to this micro-culture. Despite the fact that Deaf activists argue that their community is essentially an ethnic group, Deaf culture is certainly different fromRead MoreDeaf Perceptions Of The Deaf1510 Words   |  7 PagesDeaf Perceptions of Animacy Deaf culture has long been misunderstood and misrepresented within America, in part due to the significant language barrier between the American Deaf and their hearing counterparts. Though it is often thought to be nothing more than an elevated form of charades, American Sign Language (ASL) is a language like any other- not only with its own grammatical syntax, phonology, and morphology, but also in its compliance to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Created by Edward SapirRead MoreEssay on Communication for the Deaf: Oralism and Manaulism1693 Words   |  7 Pagesis what many deaf and hard of hearing people must do to learn how to speak. The technique of teaching deaf people how to speak and read lips is referred to as oralism. It is a hard and laborious method and in the past often had extreme measures, that were border line abusive, put in place to try and ensure success. Manaulism is when a deaf person uses sign language as their primary from of communication. Learning to communi cate using sign language is much more easier on a deaf or hard of hearingRead MoreThe Deaf President Now Movement And Subsequent Gallaudet University Protest Affect Deaf Community1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ‘Deaf President Now’ movement and subsequent Gallaudet University protest affect the Deaf community in America?† Table of Contents â€Æ' Introduction: The Deaf President Now movement and Gallaudet University protest did not only achieve its aims, this revolution brought unity to the Deaf CommunityRead MoreThe Human Condition Through Innovation1683 Words   |  7 Pagesharmed cochlea, making an apparent evidence of sound to a hard of hearing or deaf individual (NAD). In the event that you asked a â€Å"normal listening† individual that they thought about the innovation of the CI, they would celebrate that there is at long last a cure for the awfulness of deafness and would expect that the Deaf group would be energized and excited for a cure to deafness. The reaction to CIs from the Deaf group has not been positive, but instead frowned upon. The center of the developmentRead MoreThe Deaf President Now Movement And Gallaudet University Protest3124 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: The Deaf President Now movement and Gallaudet University protest did not only achieve its aims, this revolution brought unity to the Deaf Community and awareness to the general public. This revolution grew into a civil rights movement, consequently enacting legislation, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and The Telecommunications Accessibility Enhancement Act of 1988, to benefit deaf and hard of hearing citizens as well as many other disabled Americans. The events of FebruaryRead MoreThe Importance of Language and Culture3202 Words   |  13 Pages The importance of language is a repeated trend throughout history. The lack of language weighs negatively on an individual’s intellect and the acquisition of language feeds the development of one’s cultural identity. The greatest historical conquest began in the realm of linguistic turmoil. Examples of this are vast in the capturing of American Americans slaves, and injustice towards the Native Americans on the home front. The captured people were taken from a variety of tribes speaking differentRead MoreA Jerney in to the Deaf World15812 Words   |  64 PagesJourney Into Deaf-World Chapter 1 Chapter one is basically an introduction to the issues that are discussed throughout the book. Chapter one introduces all the people that are constantly referred to throughout the book. Ben Bahan is the narrator and introduces us to Jake Cohan, Laurel Case, Roberto Rivera and Henry Byrne. Ben is a CODA, Child Of Deaf Adults, and like many CODA’s tried to stray from the deaf community be was eventually drawn back to it. He is currently teaching at the only deaf collegeRead MoreAlexander Graham Bell And Eliza Grace Symonds1805 Words   |  8 PagesJose Munoz Ms.Aguilar Us History 10/18/16 Alexander Graham Bell He was born to Alexander Melville Bell and Eliza Grace Symonds. His mother was almost deaf, and his father taught elocution to the deaf, which I find very ironic. This ended up influencing Alexander’s later career choice as teacher of the deaf. At age 11 he entered the Royal High School at Edinburgh, but he did not enjoy the compulsory curriculum, and he left school at age 15 without graduating. Alexander invented the first ever

Colony Collapse Disorder ( Ccd ) - 3152 Words

Godwin Dalima Directed Study in Biology 10/20/14 Ryan Fisher Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) Introduction Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) is a very common issue directly associated with the health status of honey bees. Several research study articles have evaluated CCD and concluded that this disorder had a significant impact on the well-being and wellness of honey bees. A significant number of research studies have examined that CCD has lead to abrupt disappearance of honey bees. The abrupt disappearance of honey bees, specifically the worker bees, will have an immense impact on various natural phenomenas. Several different terminologies have been used to describe the CCD. Autumn Collapse is the most commonly used terminiology to describe this disorder. Autumn collaspse is a significant term used to describe this disorder, since during the autumn season there tends to be a higher percentage of abrupt honey bee disappearance compared to the other three seasons. Other common terminiolgies that are often used to describe this disorder include May disease, Fall Dwindle disease and Disapperaing disease. These various terminiolgies used to describe this disorder are often uitilized in both experimental and professional environments to analyze and evalued various facts. The incidence rate of honey bee disapperance is progressively increasing within the environments in the United States. Similarly, the occurrence of this disorder has also been drastically increasing in severalShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Colony Collapse Disorder ( Ccd ) And Other Factors That Are Causing The Bee Population9 78 Words   |  4 Pageseffects of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) and other factors that are causing the bee population to decrease. INTRODUCTION I. Honeybees and their pollination contribute $17 billion a year to the United States’ economy. II. Due to variable causes, their population is declining at an alarming rate. a. In 1947, 5.9 million colonies were alive and well; today, that number has shrunk by over 50%. b. Scientists believe that one of the major causes for the decline is colony collapse disorder. III. Thesis:Read MoreThe Problem of Decline in Bee Population Essay3954 Words   |  16 Pagescaused by Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) During the 1980s onwards, the population of the bees had decreased at an alarming rate. The cause of the decline was â€Å"due to Varroa and tracheal mites: The first Varroa mite infestation was reported in 1987; tracheal mites were first detected in 1984.† [8] These die-offs forced many bee-keepers out of employment. These die-offs during the past were called by various names: â€Å"spring dwindle disease, fall dwindle disease, autumn collapse, May diseaseRead MoreEssay on Factors Contributing to Colony Collapse Disorder683 Words   |  3 Pagesin masses the next day, without return. Researchers call this occurrence, Colony Collapse Disorder, CCD. There is no set reason for CCD, but a there is a wide range of factors that are all very possible and probable to the cause of dying bees. As a consumer, everyone of us want to ha ve fruit year round but never really take in to account how it is managed throughout the seasons. Commercial beekeepers have to haul colonies of honeybees across the country year round to pollinate during each plantsRead MoreColony Collapse Disorder and Pesticides Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesColony Collapse Disorder and Pesticides From around the year 2006, many bee farmers in the U.S.A and some parts of Europe started reporting sharp declines in their bee stocks. The reason for this declining numbers was not known and therefore scientists named it colony collapse disorder (CCD). Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is a not a very old phenomena and it became popular when large number of bee colonies started disappearing. The disappearing was mysterious since no dead bees were found in orRead MoreThe And Its Effects On The Populations1941 Words   |  8 PagesHowever the colonies of the honeybees are affected by a syndrome, which causes the population of honey bee decrease rapidly in winter. Honey bee undergoes a serious pressure from Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), which is a mysterious problem. It causes a dead colony occurs with no adult bees or dead bee bodies can with the queen, honey and immature bees still present in the colony. Honey can be found in the hives, but the adult bees are losses from the colo nies. The scientific cause for CCD is stillRead MoreThe Use Of Pesticides, Global Warming And Climate Change972 Words   |  4 Pagesdepend so heavily on these insects that without them we would struggle trying to sustain the global population of 7 billion. Honeybee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) as this bee epidemic has been called is currently recognized as an urgent crisis. In the last half decade alone 30% of the national bee population has disappeared and nearly a third of all bee colonies in the U.S. have perished. With so much at stake, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has provided a $3 million subsidy in orderRead MoreThe Colony Collapse Disorder Affecting The Worldwide Bee1816 Words   |  8 PagesThe Colony Collapse Disorder Affecting the Worldwide Bee Population As the Belgian writer Maurice Maeterlinck once said: ‘‘If the bee disappeared off the surface of the globe then man would only have four years of life left. No more bees, no more pollination, no more plants, no more animals, no more man.’’ The abovementioned quote that was used by the famous astrophysicist Albert Einstein many years later proves that the importance of honeybees in our ecosystems is a known fact since the beginningRead MoreMarketing of Haagen Dazs1114 Words   |  5 Pagespollinate hundreds of crops, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. yet over the last five years, we ve lost over one-third of our honey bee colonies nationwide, due to factors such as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), an alarming phenomenon that occurs when honey bees mysteriously desert their hive and die. researchers do not know exactly what causes CCD, but they believe there may be many contributing factors, including viruses, mites, chemical exposure, and poor nutrition. get involved sinceRead MoreThe Little Honey Bees By Shelley Mcneal1919 Words   |  8 PagesThose who hold gardening as a certified profession have been contacted in relation to the decreasing number of bee colonies. It s good to know about what is going on and I have built up a brief summary of readings and discussions that I have discovered on the subject of bee colonies. Shelley McNeal, who carries expertise within the bee colonies department, quotes The fuzzy little honey bees are the buggies when talking about these pollinating bugs. They not only enable your flowers and thusRead MoreColony Collapse Disorder: History and Causes1516 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD): History and causes Abstract This paper reviews the phenomenon of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), or the disappearance of large swathes of the bee population in the US and elsewhere. It reviews the potential causes of CCD, including pathogens, pesticides, and other environmental factors that could contribute to bee deaths. Although many have linked the widespread use of pesticides to the phenomenon, there is no smoking gun that is clearly implicated in causing

Perception of Visual Art Essay Example For Students

Perception of Visual Art Essay Art is something that stimulates an individuals thoughts, emotions, beliefs, or ideas through the senses. Many definitions of art have been proposed by philosophers and others who have characterized art in terms of mimesis, expression, communication of emotion, or other values. Though arts definition is disputed and has changed over time, general descriptions mention an idea of human agency and creation through imaginative or technical skill. In medieval philosophy, John Chromosome held that the name of art should be applied to those only which contribute towards and produce necessaries and mainstays of life. The nature of art has been described by philosopher Richard Hellhole as one of the most elusive of the traditional problems of human culture. Art as mimesis has deep roots in the philosophy of Aristotle The nature of art, and related concepts such as creativity and interpretation, are explored in a branch of philosophy known as aesthetics. Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication. As most forms of communication have an intent or goal directed toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose. Illustrative arts, such as scientific illustration, are a form of art as communication. Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art. Here, we consider painting, a visual art and explain its perception. Here arises the question, what are ?Visual arts? Visual Arts: ?Visual Arts is a term used for a broad category of different types of art. Visual arts include all forms of arts creative and haves expressive production in material. In simple words, ?Visual arts are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as Ceramics, Drawing, Painting, Sculpture, Printmaking Design, Crafts, Photography, Video, Flanking and Architecture. These definitions should not be taken too strictly as many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects tot the visual arts as well as arts of other types, The current usage of the term visual arts includes fine art as well as the applied, decorative arts and crafts. Visual arts also include applied arts The perception of these visual arts is a lot different from Visual Perception. So, we need to know the difference between the perception of visual art and visual perception of art. For this purpose, we explain what visual perception is and then show the differences between the two of them. VISUAL PERCEPTION: Visual perception is a function of our eyes and brain. We see images as a Whole rather than in parts. However, images can be broken down into their visual elements: line, shape, texture, and color. Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment by processing information that is contained in visible light. These elements are to images as grammar is to language. Together they allow our eyes to see images and our brain to recognize them. For most of the people, vision appears simple and effortless as it seems like a trivial operation. Our brain, however, has to process, combine and separate heaps, colors, shadows, object relations, and much more within fractions off second in order to build a representation from its sensory input. Vision perception is ambiguous. For example, to see a painting, a piece of sculpture or a building takes a few moments, Other art objects may take a little more time. Most of the people appreciate (comment on) the object within moments of seeing them. But it is the product of an extraordinarily developed and complicated visual system. Visual perception helps a lot in the aesthetic experience of art, Visual perception of art vs. Perception of Visual Art: The main difference between the visual perception of art and perception of visual arts is that in the Visual perception of an art we explain how Our vision sees an art and sends it whereas in the perception of visual arts we explain how our vision sees the art and the reason Why our vision sees the art in such a manner. One important difference between the perception of visual arts and visual perception is the task Of the observer. In everyday perception, the task Of the observer is well defined, often by the action that the perception supports. As we watch the uncorking traffic before crossing the road, our perception of the traffic s oriented to the extraction of useful information such as the recognition of a car and the estimation of its speed, while at the same time disregarding irrelevant information such as the make or color of the car. Once the task is established, one can define the decisions necessary to perform it, and if one so wishes, the efficiency of the observer in this task can be computed by normalizing the performance to that of the ideal observer for this task. It is more difficult to identify an appropriate task in the perception of visual arts, Without specifying a task, the question tot how good one is at looking at a painting becomes irrelevant, ND the notion of risk associated to an alleged wrong perception becomes meaningless. One way to identify a plausible task in visual arts perception is to return to the challenges of everyday perception. PAINTING Painting taken literally is the practice of applying pigment suspended in a carrier (or medium) and a binding agent (a glue) to a surface (support) such as paper, canvas or a wall. However, when used in an artistic sense it means the use of this activity in combination faith drawing, composition and, or, other aesthetic considerations in order to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner. Painting is also used to express spiritual motifs and ideas; sites of this kind of painting range from art,fork depicting mythological figures on pottery to The Sistine Chapel to the human body itself. Painting is the practice Of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface (support base). The medium is commonly applied to the base With a brush but Other implements, such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes, can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is also used outside of art as a common trade among craftsmen and builders. Paintings ay have for their support such surfaces as walls, paper, canvas, wood, glass, lacquer, clay, leaf, copper or concrete, and may incorporate multiple other materials including sand, clay, paper, gold leaf as well as objects. Painting is a mode of creative expression, and the forms are numerous, Drawing, composition or abstraction and other aesthetics may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner, paintings can be naturalistic and representational (as in a still life or landscape painting), photographic, abstract, be loaded with narrative content, symbolism, emotion or he political in nature, Painting only can describe everything which can be seen and suggest every emotion which can be felt, Painting is not just mere impression of our thoughts but is composed of a number of elements like intensity, form, figure, filial, color and tone, texture, garnet, line, conduit, deformation, organic, rhythm and non- traditional elements. Some of the important elements are discussed below. ELEMENTS AND MEDIA Modern artists have extended the practice Of painting considerably to include, for example, collage, which began with Cubism and is not painting in the strict sense. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as sand, cement, straw or wood for their texture. Examples of this are the works office Duffel and Ansell Kefir. There is a growing community of artists who use computers to paint color onto a digital canvas using programs such as Adobe Photos, Corer Painter, and many others. These images can be printed onto traditional canvas if required. ELEMENTS INTENSITY: What enables painting is the perception and representation of intensity, Every point in space has different intensity, which can be represented in painting by black and white and all the gray shades between. In practice, painters can articulate shapes by juxtaposing surfaces of different intensity: by using just color (of the same intensity) one can only represent symbolic shapes, Thus, the basic means of painting are distinct from ideological means, such as geometrical figures, various points of view and organization (perspective), and symbols. For example, a painter perceives that a particular vitae wall has different intensity at each point, due to shades and reflections from nearby objects, but ideally, a white wall is still a white wall in pitch darkness. In technical drawing, thickness f line is also ideal, demarcating ideal outlines of an object vitamin a perceptual frame different from the one used by painters. Color and tone: Color and tone are the essence Of painting as pitch and rhythm are Of music. Color is highly subjective, but has observable psychological effects, although these can differ from one culture to the next Black is associated With mourning in the West but in the East white is. Some painters, theoreticians, writers and scientists, including Goethe, Sandbanks, and Newton, have written their own color theory. Analysis Of The Sub Processes Of Perception Business EssayInk can be a complex medium, composed of solvents, pigments, dyes, resins, lubricants, solubilitys, surfactants, particulate tater, fluoresces, and other materials. The components of inks serve many purposes; the inks carrier, coolants, and Other additives control flow and thickness of the ink and its appearance when dry. HOT WAX: Enigmatic painting, also known as hot wax painting, involves using heated beeswax to which colored pigments are added. The liquid/paste is then applied to a surface?usually prepared wood, though canvas and other materials are often used. The simplest enigmatic mixture can be made from adding pigments to beeswax, but there are several other recipes that can be used?some intonating other types of waxes, dammar resin, linseed oil, or other ingredients. Pure, powdered pigments can be purchased and used, though some mixtures use oil paints or other torts Of pigment, Metal tools and special brushes can be used to shape the paint before it cools, or heated metal tools can be used to manipulate the wax once it has cooled onto the surface. Other materials can be encased or collagen into the surface, or layered, using the enigmatic medium to adhere it to the surface. FRESCO: Fresco is any of several related mural painting types, done on plaster on walls or linings. The word fresco comes from the Italian word fresco which derives from the Latin word for fresh. Frescoes were often made during the Renaissance and other early time periods. Boon fresco technique consists of painting in pigment mixed with water on a thin layer feet, fresh, lime mortar or plaster, for which the Italian word for plaster, intonation, is used. A sector painting, in contrast, is done on dry plaster (cosec is dry in Italian). The pigments require a binding medium, such as egg (tempera), glue or Oil to attach the pigment to the wall. GOUACHE: Gouache is a water based paint consisting of pigment and other materials designed to be used in an opaque painting method. Gouache differs from watercolors in that the particles are larger, the ratio of pigment to water is much higher, and an additional, inert, white pigment such as chalk is also present. This makes gouache heavier and more opaque, with greater reflective qualities. Like all water-media, it is diluted with water. ENAMEL: Enamels are made by painting a substrate, typically metal, with frit, a type of powdered glass, Minerals called color oxides provide coloration. After firing at a temperature of 750-850 degrees Celsius (1380-1560 degrees Fahrenheit), the result is a fused lamination of glass and metal Enamels have traditionally been used for decoration of precious objects, but have also been used for other purposes. In the 18th century, enamel painting enjoyed a vogue in Europe, especially as a medium for portrait miniatures. In the late 20th century, the technique of porcelain enamel on metal has been used as a durable medium for outdoor mural SPRAY PAINT: Aerosol paint (also called spray paint) is a type of paint that comes in a sealed resized container and is released in a fine spray mist when depressing a valve button. A form of spray painting, aerosol paint leaves a smooth, evenly coated surface. Standard sized cans are portable, inexpensive and easy to store. Aerosol primer can be applied directly to bare metal and many plastics. Speed, portability and permanence also make aerosol paint a common graffiti medium. In the late sass, street graffiti writers signatures and murals became more elaborate and a unique style developed as a factor of the aerosol medium and the speed required tort illicit work. Many now recognize graffiti and street art as unique art for and specifically manufactured aerosol paints are made for the graffiti artist. A stencil can be used to protect a surface except the specific shape that is to be painted. Stencils can be purchased as movable letters, ordered as professionally cut logos or hand-cut by artists. TEMPERA: Tempera, also known as egg tempera, is a permanent, fast-drying painting medium consisting of colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder medium (usually a glutinous material such as egg yolk or some other size). Tempera also refers to the paintings done in this medium. Tempera paintings are ere long lasting, and examples from the first centuries AD still exist. Egg tempera was a primary method of painting until after 1500 even it was superseded by the invention Of Oil painting. A paint Which is commonly called tempera (although it is not) consisting of pigment and glue size is commonly used and referred to by some manufacturers in America as poster paint. WATER MISCIBLE OIL PAINT: Water miscible oil paints (also called water soluble or water-mixable) is a modern variety of oil paint which is engineered to be thinned and cleaned up with water, rather than having to use chemicals such as turpentine. It can be mixed and applied using the same techniques as traditional oil-based paint, but while still wet it can be effectively removed from brushes, palettes, and rags with ordinary soap and water. Its water solubility comes from the use tot an oil medium in which one end of the molecule has been altered to bind loosely to water molecules, as in a solution. PAINTING . Painting is an art. There are different kinds of painting and you might have seen the canvas in many places. This is used in many homes and in buildings to decorate the walls. It is not possible for each and every individual to paint a picture and convert in to beautiful art work. You might be confused by seeing many art works and you may not be able to differentiate the one which is more beautiful than the other. What does painting do? LIE Painting makes things and their qualities much clearer than they are in nature. Ã'Ëœ Painting, with its ?All-at-ensconces more than any Other art, gives us the time to allow our vision to focus and participate. SIC We can hold any detail or region or the totality as long as we like and follow any order of details or regions at our own pace More than any other art, painting is the art that has most to do with revealing he visual appearance of objects and events, The eye is the chief sense organ involved in our participation with the painting. Painting has existed as an artistic tradition for thousands of years. From the cave painting of Lascar to the great, masterpieces of Dad Vinci it has played a historical and aesthetic role in the different ages of existence. Lets see the history of painting. ORIGIN AND EARLY HISTORY Painting has its documented origins in caves and on rock faces. The finest examples, believed by some to be 32,000 years old, are in the Chaplet and Lascar caves in southern France. In shades of red, brown, yellow and black, the paintings on the walls and ceilings are of bison, cattle, horses and deer _ Paintings of human figures can be found in the tombs of ancient Egypt. In the great temple of Rammers II, Inferential, his queen, is depicted being led by The Greeks contributed to painting but much of their work has been lost. One of the best remaining representations is the mosaic of the Battle of Issues at Pompeii, which was probably based on a Greek painting. Greek and Roman art contributed to Byzantine art in the 4th century BC, which initiated a tradition in icon painting. The history Of painting reaches back in time to artifacts from pre-historic humans, and spans all cultures. It represents a continuous, though periodically disrupted tradition from Antiquity. Across cultures, and spanning continents and millennia, the history of painting is an ongoing river of creativity, which continues into the 21st century. Until the early 20th century it relied primarily on representational, religious and classical motifs, after which time more purely abstract and conceptual approaches gained favor. Developments in Eastern painting historically parallel those in Western painting, in general, a few centuries earlier. African art, Islamic art, Indian art, Chinese art, and Japanese art each had significant influence on Western art, and, eventually, vice-versa. Painting was initially serving utilitarian purpose, followed by imperial, private, civic, and religious patronage, Eastern and Western painting later found audiences in the aristocracy and the middle class, TYPES OF PAINTINGS ABSTRACT PAINTING: It is also called as non-representational painting. It might be difficult to appreciate it if we are confused about subject matter. In these paintings, no objects or events are depicted. So, it seems that these painting do not have object matter. But it is not so. The subject matter is relating to or affecting the senses rather than the intellect.

Physical Assessment for Tomography Scan - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePhysical Assessmentfor Computed Tomography Scan. Answer: Introduction Kasim, a forty-nine year-old patient, is handed to a nurse who has just walked into the hospital. Kasim is suspected to be suffering from cholecystitis because the patient is complaining of symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the right upper abdomen. The previous nurse recorded Kasims as HR 126, BP 100/45, temperature 38.8, severe RUQ pain, and the last episode of vomiting 2 hours ago. A twelve-year-old daughter has also accompanied the patient. As a result, the nurse who is currently on duty receives the patient for assessment. The nurse examines the patients demographic characteristics with an aim of identifying how the characteristics relate to cholecystitis. The nurse also examines cues and information from the patient, processes the information, and evaluates an appropriate procedure for diagnosing Kasim using ultrasonography and a computed tomography scan. Demographic Characteristics The patient in question demonstrates symptoms of cholecystitis that are typical of patients with similar demographic characteristics. As evidenced, a study conducted by Yacoub, Petrosyan, Sehgal, Ma, Chandrasoma, and Mason (2013) reveal that male patients are likely to suffer from cholecystitis than other patients. Specifically, the authors established a significant difference between male and female patients who were diagnosed with the disease in question. Consequently, the study concluded that male patients are at a higher risk of suffering from the disease. Junior, Lemos, Junior, Freire, Garcia, Silva, Rego, and Filho (2016) highlight the same idea by asserting that their study recorded 80 percent of male patients who were suffering from the cholecystitis. Therefore, gender places Kasim in an appropriate demographic category for cholecystitis. Age is another demographic characteristic that places Kasim in the right demographic category for the condition in question. This owes to the reality that Prystupa, Kurys-Denis, Krupski, and Mosiewicz (2015) argue that age is a major risk factor for cholecystitis. In particular, the authors argue that gallstones occur in an estimated 10 % of Americans who are forty years and older. Critical to the discussion is the fact that Benjelloun, Chbani, Toughrai, Ousadden, Mazaz, and Taleb (2014) reveal that cholecystitis occurs in the presence of gallstones but could still occur in the absence of gallstones. Further, Yacoub, et al., (2013) also reveal that cholecystitis is common in patients who are fifty years and older. Given that Kasim is a 9-year-old male, the patient portrays demographic characteristics for patients with cholecystitis. Cues and Information Information handed over by the nurse who was on duty before indicates that Kasim recorded a body temperature of 38.80 on admission. Imperative to the debate is the reality that the mentioned body temperature is characteristic of patients with the disease in question. As evidenced, Hayakawa, Oki, Moriya, Mizuma, Ohnuki, Yanag, Fukuda, Ozawa, Takizawa, and Takagi (2012) conducted a case study for a patient with cholecystitis and recorded the patients body temperature as 38.50. It follows that the similarities in body temperatures between Kasim and the patient who was studied by the authors in question indicates that Kasim could be suffering from cholecystitis. A similar body temperature was recorded in a patient with cholecystitis from a study conducted by Kaya, Eskazan, Ay, Baysal, Bahadir, Onur, and Duymus (2013). Kasim recorded a heart rate of 126, which is above the normal heart rate. It is important to note that the same the patients blood pressure was recoded as 100/45. This could be an indicator of a cardiac complication, but a study from Habeeb and Ebrahim (2014) provide evidence on the contrary. This owes to the fact that the authors present a case study of an obese patient with a blood pressure and heart rate that is within the same range, but was diagnosed of cholecystitis. In a different study, Rajan, Motoroko, Udayasir, McKenzie, Tan, and Tramontane (2014) discuss a case study where a patient with a blood pressure 108/72 mmHg and a pulse rate of 96/min was diagnosed with cholecystitis. It follows that even though Kasims heart rate and blood pressure could raise concern for a cardiac complication, the patient could still be suffering from cholecystitis. Kasim also complained of two days of right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain, which is a clear indicator of cholecystitis. As evidenced, Prystupa, et al., (2015) reveals that the most common symptom in patients with cholecystitis is abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant. Rajan, et al., (2014) and Benjelloun et al., (2014), put the same argument forward. Kasim also complained of fever with the last case of vomiting being recorded in the last two hours. Like abdominal pain, Rajan, et al., (2014) and Benjelloun et al., (2014) indicate that fever and vomiting is common among patients with the disease under discussion. In fact, evidence from case studies conducted by Habeeb and Ebrahim (2014) indicates that fever and vomiting is a common symptom among patients with cholecystitis. In short, reviewing records from the nurse who was on duty before indicates that Kasim could be suffering from cholecystitis. Process Information Patients with the diseases in question often portray symptoms discussed in the cues and information section. This owes to the fact that Sartelli and Trana (2013) argue that gallbladder stones is a common disorder that causes deceptive infections and could be easily misdiagnosed. Regardless, cholecystitis is a bacterial disease that arises when the cystic duct is obstructed with gallstones. The obstruction leads to ischemia, wall edema, gall bladder distention and a bacterial infection. According to Li, Song, Liu, Xie, Jiang, Wei, Ma, Wang, and Jin (2017), the wall of the gall bladder may undergo gangrene and necrosis, which would result to perforation. In other cases, it may result in the development of generalized peritonitis or an abscess. The obstruction is rarely caused by sludge and mostly caused by gallstones (90% of the time). Evidence from published studies indicates that clinicians must be keen when diagnosing cholecystitis to avoid misdiagnosis. For instance, Li, et al., (2017) reveals that there have been instances where clinicians have misdiagnosed cholecystitis for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. In a different study, Rammohan, Cherukuri, Sathyanesan, Palaniappan, and Govindan (2014) reveal that the same disease could be misdiagnosed for gallbladder cancer. This owes to the fact that the authors conclude one such finding in 68.7% of the observations in the study. Evidently, cholecystitis could be misdiagnosed for gallbladder cancer. Regardless, the misdiagnosis could be avoided using histopathological examination. Problems and Issues An ultrasonography or a laboratory criterion could be used to diagnose the disease in question. Clrigo, Rocha, Rodrigues, Fernandes, Sargento, Silva (2014) reveal that the two techniques are effective, but the laboratory criterion could easily result in a misdiagnosis. It follows that it is advisable to use the ultrasonography technique for diagnosing the disease. Imperative to the debate is the fact that an ultrasonography will portray gall bladder distension, a superior wall thickening in the patient. On the contrary, a healthy person would portray a normal wall, and the absence of gall bladder distension. Further, Kasim would portray the presence of a lumen gas, the absence of mural-enhancement, irregular wall, periholecystic fluid, and intra-luminal membranes (Clrigo et al., 2014). An ultrasonography test is not enough implying the test should be complemented by a computed tomography scan. Such a scan would display pericholecystic fat, intrahepatic periportal tissues, and inflamm atory changes in the GB wall for a patient who is suffering from cholecystitis. Detail Assessment Kasim will be separated from the daughter before taking the tests because this is a standard practice in nursing. To begin with, a 4D ultrasound machine will be prepared for the test and Kasim will be asked to fast for 12 hours. Water and medications will not be refrained from the patient for an efficient test to be performed. The patient will be dressed in an appropriate gown, a lubricating jelly will be applied on the skin, and the machine will be used to record an image of the gall bladder (Clrigo et al., 2014). The machine will then be connected to a computer, which will print out the recorded image. The patient will then be subjected to a computed tomography scan. Kasim will be prepared and driven into a CT scanning machine. A remote control will be used to take pictures of the patients gall bladder and the results printed out using a computer. Conclusion In conclusion, this paper discusses cholecystitis using a case study of a 49-year-old patient called Kasim. Evidence from reputable resources indicates that symptoms such as fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain in the right upper abdomen point towards cholecystitis. The patients body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate also point to the same disease. As evidenced, case studies from authors such as Rajan, et al., (2014) and Benjelloun et al., (2014) indicate that patients suffering from cholecystitis can portray abnormal rates of blood pressure and heart rate. Regardless, patients with similar symptoms could be suffering from cancer in the gall bladder implying the nurse should be keen when assessing the patient. It is why the paper recommends using an ultrasonography together with computed tomography scan before reaching a final diagnosis. References Benjelloun, B. E., Chbani, L., Toughrai, I., Ousadden, A., Mazaz, K., and Taleb, A, K. (2014). A Case Report of Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis Due To Salmonella Paratyphi B Complicated By Biliary Peritonitis. Pan African Medical Journal, Retrieved from https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/16/127/pdf/127.pdf Clrigo, V., Rocha, C., Rodrigues, A., Fernandes, L., Sargento, D., and Silva, G. (2014). 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